Chinese Zodiac

Rat

(1912, 1924, 1936, 1948, 1960, 1972, 1984, 1996, 2008)

You are imaginative, charming and truly generous to the person you love. However, you have a tendency to be quick-tempered and overly critical. You are also inclined to be somewhat of an opportunist. Born under this sign, you should be happy in sales or as a writer, critic, or publicist.


Ox

(1913, 1925, 1937, 1949, 1961, 1973, 1985, 1997, 2009)

A born leader, you inspire confidence from all around you. You are conservative, methodical and good with your hands. Guard against being chauvinistic and always demanding your own way. The Ox would be successful as a skilled surgeon, general, or hairdresser.


Tiger

(1914, 1926, 1938, 1950, 1962, 1974, 1986, 1998, 2010)

You are sensitive, emotional and capable of great love. However, you have a tendency to get carried away and be stubborn about what you think is right; often seen as a "Hothead" or rebel. Your sign shows you would be excellent as a boss, an explorer, a race car driver, or a matador.


Rabbit

(1915, 1927, 1939, 1951, 1963, 1975, 1987, 1999, 2011)

You are the kind of person that people like to be around-affectionate, obliging, always pleasant. You have a tendency, though, to get too sentimental and seem superficial. Being cautious and conservative, you are successful in business but would also make a good lawyer, diplomat, or actor.


Dragon

(1916, 1928, 1940, 1952, 1964, 1976, 1988, 2000, 2012)

Full of vitality and enthusiasm, the Dragon is a popular individual even with the reputation of being foolhardy and a "big mouth" at times. You are intelligent, gifted and a perfectionist but these qualities make you unduly demanding on others. You would be well-suited to be an artist, priest, or politician.


Snake

(1917, 1929, 1941, 1953, 1965, 1977, 1989, 2001, 2013)

Rich in wisdom and charm, you are romantic and deep thinking and your intuition guides you strongly. Avoid procrastination and your stingy attitude towards money. Keep your sense of humor about life. The Snake would be most content as a teacher, philosopher, writer, psychiatrist and fortune teller.


Horse

(1918, 1930, 1942, 1954, 1966, 1978, 1990, 2002, 2014)

Your capacity for hard work is amazing. You are your own person-very independent. While intelligent and friendly, you have a strong streak of selfishness and sharp cunning and should guard against being egotistical. Your sign suggests success as an adventurer, scientist, poet, or politician.


Sheep

(1919, 1931, 1943, 1955, 1967, 1979, 1991, 2003, 2015)

Except for the knack of always getting off on the wrong foot with people, the Sheep can be charming company. You are elegant and artistic but the first to complain about things. Put aside your pessimism and worry and try to be less dependent on material comforts. You would be best as an actor, gardener, or beachcomber.


Monkey

(1920, 1932, 1944, 1956, 1968, 1980, 1992, 2004, 2016)

You are very intelligent and have a very clever wit. Because of your extraordinary nature and magnetic personality you are always well-liked. The Monkey, however, must guard against being an opportunist and distrustful of other people. Your sign promises success in any field you try.


Rooster

(1921, 1933, 1945, 1957, 1969, 1981, 1993, 2005, 2017)

The Rooster is a hard worker; shrewd and definite in decision making often speaking his mind. Because of this you tend to seem boastful to others. You are a dreamer, flashy dresser and extravagant to an extreme. Born under this sign you should be happy as a restaurant owner, publicist, soldier, or world traveler.


Dog

(1922, 1934, 1946, 1958, 1970, 1982, 1994, 2006, 2018)

The Dog will never let you down. Born under this sign you are honest and faithful to those you love. You are plagued by constant worry, a sharp tongue and a tendency to be a fault finder. You would make an excellent businessman, activist, teacher or secret agent.


Pig

(1923, 1935, 1947, 1959, 1971, 1983, 1995, 2007, 2019)

You are a splendid companion -- an intellectual with a very strong need to set difficult goals and carry them out. You are sincere, tolerant and honest but by expecting the same from others you are incredibly naive. Your quest for material goods could be your downfall. The Pig would be best in the arts as an entertainer, or possibly a lawyer.

Christmas Comments

Sinulog 2009 Schedule of Activities

Sinulog 2009 Schedule of Activities (Fuente Osmena, January 9-18, 2009)
Dec 01 – Jan 31, 2009	Sinulog Street Fair, Osmeña Blvd.
Janaury 3-31, 2009	Sinulog Photo Exhibits featuring 2008 Sinulog Photo Winners , 2nd level of the Northwing SM City Cebu
Janaury 3-31, 2009	Sto. Niño Exhibits, SM City Cebu Art Center
January 9-19, 2009	Dancing Pilgrims: Sinanduloy of Tangub City Exhibit of Tangub City dancers from past to present SM City Cebu
January 08, 2009 (Thursday)	Opening Salvo: Walk with Jesus
4:00 AM	Assembly Time (Area) Fuente Osmeña
4:30 AM	Start of Walk-Fuente Osmeña Blvd. – Basilica del Sto. Niño
5:30 AM	Installation of Hermano & Hermana Mayores 2009
January 09, 2009 (Friday)	Sinulog 2009 Kick Off
	Sinulog Photo Exhibits through the years @SM City Cebu, Ayala Center Cebu, MCIAA
2:00PM	Solemn Mass (Basilica del Sto. Niño)
3:00 PM	Launching Parade (Basilica del Sto. Niño to Cebu City Sports Center)
7:00 PM	Opening and Launching Program, Fuente Osmeña featuring Mandaue City Children’s Choir, Dancesports Team Cebu and Dance Troupes from Cebu’s schools and universities
7:30 PM	Ms. Cebu 2009 Presentation, Fuente Osmeña
January 10, 2009 (Saturday)	Sinulog sa Kabataan – Lalawigan
1:00 PM	Parade of Participants, Capitol Site to Cebu City Sports Center
2:00 PM	Sinulog sa Kabataan sa Lalawigan, Cebu City Sports Center
4:30 PM	Awarding of Winners
7:30 PM	Cultural Show (Fuente Osmeña) DepEd, Cebu Province
9:30 PM	Concert @ the Fuente O , Street Party Bands
January 11, 2009 (Sunday)	Sinulog sa Kabataan- Dakbayan
1:00 PM	Parade of Participants, Plaza Independencia to Cebu City Sports Center
2:00 PM	Sinulog sa Kabataan sa Dakbayan, Cebu City Sports Center
4:30 PM	Awarding of Winners
7:00 PM	Cultural Show (Fuente Osmeña) Southwestern University, Asian College of Technology, Salazar College of Science and Institute of Technology
9:00 PM	Concert @ the Fuente O, Street Party Bands
January 12, 2009 (Monday)
7:30 PM	Cultural Show (Fuente Osmeña) Univ. of Southern Philippines Foundation University of Cebu
9:00 PM	Concert @ the Fuente O , Street Party Bands
January 13, 3009 (Tuesday)
7:30 PM	Cultural show (Fuente Osmeña) University of San Carlos
9:00 PM	Concert @ the Fuente O , Street Party Bands
January 14, 2009 (Wednesday)
9:00 AM	Airport Welcome (Balikbayan Flights)
7:30 PM	Cultural Shows (Fuente Osmeña) Abellana National School, Cebu Doctor’s University, Cebu State College of Science and Technology, USJ-R COE Talents Guild
8:00 PM	Ms. Cebu 2009 Coronation Night, Waterfront Lahug Hotel
9:00 PM	Concert @ the Fuente O , Street Party Bands
January 15, 2009 (Thursday)
9:00 AM	Airport Welcome (Balikbayan Flights)
10 AM – 9:00 PM	Photo Shoot Sinulog Festival Queen , SM City Entertainment Plaza
7:30 PM	Cultural Shows (Fuente Osmeña) University San Jose Recoletos, Cebu Institute of Technology, Velez College
9:00 PM	Concert @ the Fuente O , Street Party Bands
January 16, 2009 (Friday)	Visual Merchandising Contest (Dept. Stores and Malls)
4:00 AM	Walk with Mary (Area) Fuente Osmeña-Sto. Niño
7:00 AM	Misa de Translacion (Motorcade)
7:30 PM	Cultural Shows (Fuente Osmeña) DepEd, Cebu City
7:30 P.M	Cebu Popular Music Festival, Cebu Coliseum
7:30 P.M	Sinulog Festival Queen 2009, Cebu City Sports Center
8:00 PM	Balik Cebu, Welcome Party @ Ayala Center Cebu
9:00 PM	Concert @ the Fuente O , Street Party Bands
January 17, 2009 (Saturday)
6:00 AM	Fluvial Procession of the Miraculous Image of Sto. Niño
9:00 AM	Re-enactment of the Baptism of Queen Juana and Rajah Humabon Basilica del Sto. Niño
2:00 PM	Solemn Procession of the Miraculous Image of Sto. Niño
6:30 PM	Cultural Shows
7:00 PM	Street party @ Fuente Osmeña and Plaza Independencia
8:00 PM	1st Sinulog Fireworks Competition , fronting SM North Wing
8:00 PM	Kasadya Nite Mardi Gras @ Ayala Center Cebu
8:00 PM	Handumanan Concert, USP-F Theater for the Performing Arts
January 18, 2009 (Sunday)	SINULOG GRAND PARADE
4:00 AM	Mañanita Mass @Basilica del Sto. Niño
6:00 AM	Pontifical mass with His Eminence Ricardo J. Cardinal Vidal
9:00 AM	Sinulog Grand Parade Carousel Kick Off
7:00 PM	Grand Fireworks, Cebu City Sports Center
7:30 PM	Street Party Bands, Fuente Osmeña
January 19, 2009 (Monday)
1:00 PM	Awarding Ceremonies, Cebu City Sports Center
January 23, 2009 (Friday)	“HUBO”
4:00 AM	“HUBO Mass” Ritual @ Basilica del Sto. Niño
January 30, 2009 (Friday)
6:00 – 8:00 PM	Showing of Sinulog Short Film Festival, SM Cinema 4
January 31, 2009 (Saturday)
1:00 P.M	Awarding Ceremonies Photo Contest and Video Documentary Contest / Sinulog Short Film Festival
Janaury 31- Feb. 10, 2009	Photo Exhibits “Winning Photos Sinulog ‘09 @SM City Cebu
For more information: Contact Us at 253700, 2545010, telefax ४१६४५४८ http://www.sinulog.ph/index.php/schedule-of-activities-2009

Sinulog 2009 Photo Contest

MECHANICS

1. The contest is open to all who wish to complete. (Film & Digital Cameras)

2. Format – includes DIGITAL or FILM photographs.

3. Entries should be unmounted 5R color prints.

4. Entries must be candid photos and not posed.

5. Registration of participants will be open January 7, 2009 at the Sinulog Foundation , Inc. office.

6. The placement of identifying marks, such as names, addresses or any sign to insinuate information about the owner of the entry is strictly prohibited.

7. Registration Fee of P500.00; includes Sinulog I.D. and 10 photo entries. Additional photo entries at P25.00 each.

8. Deadline for submission of entries: January 25, 2009.

9. Judging of the PHOTO CONTEST will be on January 26, 2009

10. Awarding of Prizes to winners will be on January 31, 2009 at SM City Cebu Entertainment Center.

11. Photo Contest categories and prizes shall be as follows:

• a. CONTINGENT
  A dance entry (competing or non-competing) in the Sinulog 2009 Grand Parade on January 20, 2009. Pictures should be of a group dancing the Sinulog and not of a solo dancer posing for the shot.
• b. FLUVIAL / SOLEMN PROCESSION - January 19, 2009.
  The miraculous image of the Santo Niño is carried around the seacoasts of Mandaue passing Lapulapu City to Cebu City in a fluvial procession or the solemn procession, which will pass the principal streets of the City of Cebu.
• c. FLOAT – January 20, 2009.
  Float entry to the Sinulog 2009 Grand Parade on January 20, 2009. Pictures of Float entries should be of the entire float, not only of the personalities riding the floats.
• d. HIGANTE - January 20, 2009
  Higante entry to the Sinulog 2005 Grand Parade on January 20, 2009.
• e. SIDELIGHTS
  Exciting events and human interest such as those taken in the parade route of Sinulog 2009 Grand Parade or any related activities during the span of the Sinulog Week – January 6 – 21, 2009 in Cebu City especially the Sinulog Bazaar and the Nightly Shows in Fuente Osmeña & Plaza Independencia.
• f. ROUTE DECOR / ARCH
  Photos taken from any route decor or arches that were set up in connection with Sinulog 2009 Celebration. The photos maybe taken at anytime, day or night.

12. Every contest category must have at least a minimum of seven (7) contestant in order to be declared a valid contest. Should a contest category has less than seven (7) contestants, such contest category shall be declared “NO CONTEST” and all prizes allocated shall revert to the Foundation.

13. The overall winner judged as the Best Picture in the Photo Contest shall be awarded only that amount allocated as its prize. The amount that the entry could have won in his catergory shall be awarded to the next lower winner to elevate all winners in that category one rank higher with its corresponding cash prizes.

14. Entries must be photos taken from actual events during the Sinulog 2009 celebration in Cebu City. Shots taken from other places that celebrate Sinulog are disqualified.

15. All entries must be submitted on or before Jan. 25, 2009 with duly accomplished entry forms to the Sinulog Foundations located at Cebu City Sports Center, RR Landon St. Cebu City all submitted entries shall become sole and exclusive property of the Sinulog Foundation and maybe reproduced and/or reprinted into any size for exhibition without seeking permission from the owner nor paying compensation for the acquisition of said photos.

16. Owners of winning entries must submit to Sinulog Office the corresponding negatives of said entries before they can claim their cash prizes and trophies.

17. Judging is tentatively scheduled on January 26, 2009. Winners and their corresponding prizes will be announced in the local dailies. Awarding will be on Jan. 31, 2009 at the SM City Cebu Entertainment Center.

18. The decision of the Board of Judges of the Photo Contest is FINAL and UNAPPEALABLE.

19. Entry forms will be available at the Sinulog Foundation Office only.

For further information, please call Sinulog Foundation, and look for Ms. Dolly Del Mar thru Tel. Nos. (032)253-3700 / (032)254-5010 . Telefax (032) 416-4845

http://www.sinulog.ph/

History of the camera

The first permanent photograph was made in 1826 by Joseph Nicephore Niepce using a sliding wooden box camera made by Charles and Vincent Chevalier in Paris. Niépce built on a discovery by Johann Heirich Schultz (1724): a silver and chalk mixture darkens under exposure to light. While this was the introduction of photography, the history of the camera can be traced back much further. Photographic cameras were a development of the camera obscura, a device dating back to the Book of Optics (1021) of the Iraqi Arab scientist Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen), which uses a pinhole or lens to project an image of the scene outside onto a viewing surface.

Before the invention of photographic lapel processes there was no way to preserve the images produced by these cameras apart from manually tracing them. The earliest cameras were room-sized, with space for one or more people inside; these gradually evolved into more and more compact models such as that by Niépce's time portable handheld cameras suitable for photography were readily available. The first camera that was small and portable enough to be practical for photography was built by Johann Zahn in 1685, though it would be almost 150 years before such an application was possible.

History of photography

Photography is the result of combining several technical discoveries. Long before the first photographs were made, Chinese philosopher Mo Ti described a pinhole camera in the 5th century B.C.E, Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) (965–1040) studied the camera obscura and pinhole camera, Albertus Magnus (1193–1280) discovered silver nitrate, and Georges Fabricius (1516–1571) discovered silver chloride. Daniel Barbaro described a diaphragm in 1568. Wilhelm Homberg described how light darkened some chemicals (photochemical effect) in 1694.The fiction book Giphantie, by French author Tiphaigne de la Roche, described what can be interpreted as photography.

Photography as a usable process goes back to the 1820s with the development of chemical photography. The first permanent photograph was an image produced in 1825 by the French inventor Nicephore Niepce. However, because his photographs took so long to exppose, he sought to find a new process. Working in conjunction with Louis Daguerre, they experimented with silver compounds based on a Johann Heinrich Schultz discovery in 1724 that a silver and chalk mixture darkens when exposed to light. Niépce died in 1833, but Daguerre continued the work, eventually culminating with the development of the daguerreotype in 1837. Daguerre took the first ever photo of a person in 1839 when, while he taking a daguerreotype of a Paris street, a pedestrian stopped for a shoe shine, long enough to be captured by the long exposure (several minutes). Eventually, France agreed to pay Daguerre a pension for his formula, in exchange for his promise to announce his discovery to the world as the gift of France, which he did in 1839.

Meanwhile, Hercules Florence had already created a very similar process in 1832, naming it Photographie, and William Fox Talbot had earlier discovered another means to fix a silver process image but had kept it secret. After reading about Daguerre's invention, Talbot refined his process so that portraits were made readily available to the masses. By 1840, Talbot had invented the calotype process, which creates negative images.John Herschel made many contributions to the new methods. He invented the cayanotype process, now familiar as the "blueprint". He was the first to use the terms "photography", "negative" and "positive". He discovered sodium thiosulphate solution to be a solvent of silver halides in 1819, and informed Talbot and Daguerre of his discovery in 1839 that it could be used to "fix" pictures and make them permanent. He made the first glass negative in late 1839.

In March 1851, Frederick Scott Archer published his findings in "The Chemist" on the wet plate collodion process. This became the most widely used process between 1852 and the late 1880s when the dry plate was introduced. There are three subsets to the Collodion process; the Ambrotype (positive image on glass), the Ferrotype or Tintype (positive image on metal) and the negative which was printed onAlbumen or Salt paper.

Many advances in photographic glass plates and printing were made in through the nineteenth century. In 1884, George Eastman developed the technology of film to replace photographic plates, leading to the technology used by film cameras today.

In 1908 Gabriel Lippmann won the Nobel Laureate in Physics for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference, also known as the Lippmann plate.